At present, the single-cylinder diesel engine is quite large in Asia, is also the main supporting power of agricultural machinery, the correct use of good diesel engine maintenance is significant because it extends its life and reduces operating costs.
1.Run-in of newly purchased diesel engine
New or overhauled diesel engines must be run in before use.
Because the diesel engine assembly parts, its mating surface although after finishing, but still uneven.
If the diesel engine is not run in, the friction surface of each moving part will be damaged by pulling hairs.
In addition, lubricating oil film is difficult to be formed on the contact surface due to the extrusion of lubricating oil on each rough surface, and it may even cause melting and sticking, leading to early wear and damage of moving parts, and the service life of diesel engine will be greatly shortened
The run-in of a diesel engine means that under artificial control, the speed is slowly increased, the load is gradually increased, in a good lubrication bar
The process of making the matching surface of the parts gradually smooth under careful inspection.
(1) Remove dust and sundries on the external parts of the diesel engine.
Carefully check the integrity of all parts and the fastening of external bolts. If there is any leakage or looseness, it should be fitted and tightened.
Fill with diesel oil, oil and water as required (water cooled).
Reduce the pressure of the diesel engine, rotate the crankshaft, check whether the moving parts are flexible in operation and whether there is abnormal noise.
(2) No-load (idling) run-in of diesel engine.
The running time of idling is generally about 1 hour. The first 0.5 hour is operated from low speed to medium speed (600~ 800 r/min), and the second 0.5 hour is operated from medium speed gradually to the calibration speed.
During the running-in process, it is necessary to observe whether the exhaust smoke color, temperature and lubrication of the diesel engine are normal
(3) Load run-in.
The load run-in time is generally 40 h, which is operated with 1/4 load for 3 ~4 h, then with 1/2 load for 15~16 h, and finally with 3/4 load in the remaining time.
(4) Check and clean after running in.
Remove oil from crankcase, clean crankcase and oil filter, and fill oil to specified oil level.
Check the contact ring between valve and valve seat for burning or wear and check valve clearance.
Tighten the connecting rod and cylinder head bolts according to the prescribed torque, and make a comprehensive inspection.
It must be noted that the diesel engine – after running in, the lubricating oil contains a large number of running parts when the metal scrap produced by friction, if not really do a good job of cleaning and add new oil, will also cause the early wear of the diesel engine.
2.Preparation before starting the diesel engine
After running the diesel engine for a certain amount of work, it is necessary to carry out a comprehensive technical inspection before starting.
Check the fastening of all external connectors (such as bolts and nuts), and the assembly of flywheels, connecting rod nuts and cotter pins for diesel engines with longer operation time.
Check valve clearance for compliance with specified values (as specified in the manual).
Check the pressure reducing effect, open the pressure reducing mechanism, easy to save effort when turning the crankshaft, flexible rotation, no sound in the machine, it means normal;
Restore decompression, then turn the crankshaft, strenuous heavy, table compression normal, no leakage.
Check the fuel system, fill the tank with oil, turn on the oil switch, reduce pressure and turn the crankshaft, then you can hear a clear sound of oil injection, indicating normal.
When the oil cannot come out, loosen the air bleed screw on the high-pressure oil pump, remove the gas in the oil, until no bubbles emerge, then tighten the screw.
Check the lubrication system and draw out the oil scale to see if the oil is at the specified oil level.
It should be noted that the amount of oil should not exceed the highest engraving line, nor lower than the lowest engraving line. It is advisable to store the amount of oil slightly above the engraving line.
Check all parts for oil leakage.
Check whether the cooling system, air-cooled diesel engine air shield and air guide cover are sealed and whether the air inlet is blocked;
Water – cooled cooling to check the water tank, the connection parts have no leakage, missing parts phenomenon.
Check starter, check and prepare tools
3.Proper start of diesel engine
The diesel engine can be started smoothly as long as it follows certain starting methods and steps after checking and preparing before starting.
It can be concluded as the 6-step starting method:
- One is the oil supply.
First, push the throttle handle to the maximum oil supply position. If there is a starting thickening device, put it on the pump
Oil position. - Second, reduce stress.
Place the decompression handle in the decompression position. - The third is the shaking machine.
After decompression, use the crank to turn the crankshaft, the speed from slow to fast. - The fourth is the compound pressure.
When the rocker reaches a high speed, immediately reset the reduced pressure. - Five is to start.
After the reduced pressure reset, the piston by inertia over the moment of the upper dead point, then fire outbreak start. - Six is idle.
After the diesel engine starts, it is necessary to reduce the throttle immediately, warm the engine at low speed first, and put it into use after lubrication is normal.
It should be noted that speed and load should not be suddenly increased after starting.
4.Control of diesel engine running process
The diesel engine should run at moderate speed or nominal speed and at full load.
Except for special circumstances, it is absolutely forbidden to increase the speed and load suddenly, or unload the load suddenly. Long-term ultra-high speed and overload operation is absolutely prohibited.
Observe whether the lubrication and cooling conditions are normal, stop the machine when necessary to find out the reason, and continue the operation after the situation is clear.
Pay attention to listen to the diesel engine internal knock noise abnormal sound may exacerbate the wear of parts, or even cause accidental damage.
Carefully observe the exhaust smoke color, when heavy load is black smoke, when burning oil is blue smoke, low temperature operation, oil water, cylinder leakage and diesel atomization is not good white smoke;
Light gray or colorless smoke in normal operation; The smoke at abnormal work is dark grey.
The diesel engine should not run for a long time at low speed, and the power of long-term continuous operation should be 85% ~ 95% of the calibration power.
Check the throttle lever and the transmission flexibility of the connection part, and preferably lubricate the artificial refueling point.
5.Maintenance measures:We will strengthen the role of “three filters” and do a good job of “three cleaning”
(1) It is to strengthen diesel oil filtration to ensure fuel oil is clean.
Before the diesel into the tank, it is best to precipitation; Keep the refueling tools clean;
(2) When filling the oil tank, strictly filter with silk cloth to prevent water and mechanical impurities from entering the oil;
In peacetime also should ensure the diesel transport, storage and storage of clean containers;
Maintain the fuel oil system, clean the filter elements of diesel oil filter regularly, and change new products when necessary.
(3) Strengthen the oil filtration to ensure the lubricating oil is clean.
Attention should be paid to oil addition, transportation and storage of containers clean;
- Clean crankcase and oil pan regularly and replace new oil;
- Clean the oil filter and replace the filter element;
There is a plastic hose connected to the inlet pipe on the top cover of the crankcase. During use, the pipe should not be discarded or installed, otherwise, the dirty air entering the crankcase will make the oil dirty and aggravate the wear of the parts.
(4) Strengthen air filtration to ensure clean intake air.
Diesel engines used in rural areas are strictly prohibited from working without air filters.
Clean the filter elements of the air filter regularly and change the new ones when necessary;
The air filter must be sealed with the inlet port or inlet joint.
